Title | A new small-molecule antagonist inhibits Graves' disease antibody activation of the TSH receptor. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2011 |
Authors | Neumann S, Eliseeva E, McCoy JG, Napolitano G, Giuliani C, Monaco F, Huang W, Gershengorn MC |
Journal | J Clin Endocrinol Metab |
Volume | 96 |
Issue | 2 |
Pagination | 548-54 |
Date Published | 2011 Feb |
ISSN | 1945-7197 |
Keywords | Antigen-Antibody Reactions, Cells, Cultured, Graves Disease, Humans, Immunochemistry, Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating, Iodide Peroxidase, Iodine Radioisotopes, Pyridines, Quinazolinones, Receptors, Thyrotropin, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Signal Transduction, Thyroid Gland, Thyrotropin, Thyroxine |
Abstract | CONTEXT: Graves' disease (GD) is caused by persistent, unregulated stimulation of thyrocytes by thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAbs) that activate the TSH receptor (TSHR). We previously reported the first small-molecule antagonist of human TSHR and showed that it inhibited receptor signaling stimulated by sera from four patients with GD. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to develop a better TSHR antagonist and use it to determine whether inhibition of TSAb activation of TSHR is a general phenomenon. DESIGN: We aimed to chemically modify a previously reported small-molecule TSHR ligand to develop a better antagonist and determine whether it inhibits TSHR signaling by 30 GD sera. TSHR signaling was measured in two in vitro systems: model HEK-EM293 cells stably overexpressing human TSHRs and primary cultures of human thyrocytes. TSHR signaling was measured as cAMP production and by effects on thyroid peroxidase mRNA. RESULTS: We tested analogs of a previously reported small-molecule TSHR inverse agonist and selected the best NCGC00229600 for further study. In the model system, NCGC00229600 inhibited basal and TSH-stimulated cAMP production. NCGC00229600 inhibition of TSH signaling was competitive even though it did not compete for TSH binding; that is, NCGC00229600 is an allosteric inverse agonist. NCGC00229600 inhibited cAMP production by 39 ± 2.6% by all 30 GD sera tested. In primary cultures of human thyrocytes, NCGC00229600 inhibited TSHR-mediated basal and GD sera up-regulation of thyroperoxidase mRNA levels by 65 ± 2.0%. CONCLUSION: NCGC00229600, a small-molecule allosteric inverse agonist of TSHR, is a general antagonist of TSH receptor activation by TSAbs in GD patient sera. |
DOI | 10.1210/jc.2010-1935 |
Alternate Journal | J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |
PubMed ID | 21123444 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC3048317 |